Energy-efficient clustering protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks using optimized glowworm swarm optimization

In the past few decades, cutting-edge information and communication technology has been used in several ways to keep an eye on marine environment. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) can measure amount of water soil conditions, such as salinity, moisture, movements, predict landslides. UWSNs are made up many underwater nodes (WSNs) that spread out across thalassic These have uses, including data collection, navigation, resource analysis, surveillance, disaster prediction, etc. Nowadays, energy efficiency becomes a complex issue handle design UWSN due limited battery capacity challenges associated with changing or charging integrated batteries. According previous research, clustering routing already effective methods improving UWSN, unreplaceable batteries long-distance delays particularly vulnerable. As result, one UWSN’s critical issues is determining how extend network’s lifespan while balancing its consumption shortening transmission distances. clustering, most important considerations acquiring suitable count clusters, constituting picking satisfactory cluster head (CH) for each cluster. Based factors, residuary energy, total consumption, other considerations, our proposed approach picks CHs arranges them into clusters. Also, SS-GSO method constructs fitness function by various sources information, like residual luciferin value. Several simulation runs were executed test much better worked. The comparison results showed evaluating time, technique performs 22.91%, 50.03%, 42.42%, 58.06% better, case Total 27.02%,14%,33.76%,41.97% more efficient, Cluster lifetime 9.2%,19.88%,35.91%,40.54% less Packet delivery rate 8.29%,14.05%,17.67%,23.97% compared heuristic techniques, ACO, GWO, MFO LEACH.